07/15/2025 / By S.D. Wells
A recent observational study published in Sleep Health suggests that increasing fruit and vegetable consumption could significantly enhance sleep quality. Conducted by researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, the study found that eating around five cups of fruits and vegetables daily may lead to longer, more restful sleep with fewer nighttime awakenings. The research reinforces the idea that simple dietary changes, particularly incorporating more plant-based foods, can have meaningful effects on sleep health.
The study involved 34 adults between the ages of 20 and 49, most of whom were men. Participants logged their daily food and beverage intake and wore activity monitors to track their sleep across 201 total days and nights. Researchers then analyzed the correlation between their dietary patterns and sleep quality, evaluating variables such as macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and food group consumption.
The results indicated that higher intakes of fruits, vegetables and complex carbohydrates were linked to fewer interruptions during sleep. In contrast, consumption of red and processed meats was associated with more frequent night wakings. According to coauthor Marie-Pierre St-Onge, PhD, complex carbohydrates are beneficial because they provide fiber and minerals like magnesium, which play essential roles in sleep regulation. In contrast, simple carbohydrates such as those found in sugary snacks and white bread do not offer the same benefits.
Medical experts unaffiliated with the study, like sleep neurologist Dr. Sudha Tallavajhula, support these findings, noting that complex carbohydrates may help the body absorb tryptophan, an amino acid essential for producing melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep. Fruits and vegetables, being rich in both fiber and magnesium, are particularly well-suited for promoting healthy sleep.
Magnesium, found abundantly in green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds, plays a dual role in relaxation and melatonin production. It’s well-known for its calming effect on the nervous system and is linked to improved sleep quality. The average American, however, typically consumes only 16 grams of fiber daily — well below the USDA’s recommended 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men.
This study builds on earlier research, including a 2016 study coauthored by St-Onge, that found a diet rich in fiber promotes more slow-wave sleep, the deep, restorative phase of sleep. Examples of fiber-rich produce include raspberries (8 grams per cup), apples (4.5 grams per medium apple), broccoli, peas, and Brussels sprouts.
While the small sample size limits the generalizability of the results, dietitian Sharon Collison notes that in her clinical experience, improving eating habits often leads to better sleep. Her advice: make fruits and vegetables a central part of every meal and snack. Even frozen produce is effective and more budget-friendly than fresh options.
In sum, this study highlights a simple, natural and accessible path to better sleep — through the consistent consumption of nutrient-dense, plant-based foods.
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